Now a child is the very sign and sacrament of personal freedom. He is a fresh free will added to the wills of the world; he is something that his parents have freely chosen to produce and which they freely agree to protect. They can feel that any amusement he gives (which is often considerable) really comes from him and from them and from nobody else. He has been born without the intervention of any master or lord. He is a creation and a contribution; he is their own creative contribution to creation. He is also a much more beautiful, wonderful, amusing and astonishing thing than any of the stale stories or jingling jazz tunes turned out by the machines. When men no longer feel that he is so, they have lost the appreciation of primary things, and therefore all sense of proportion about the world. People who prefer the mechanical pleasures, to such a miracle, are jaded and enslaved. They are preferring the very dregs of life to the first fountains of life. They are preferring the last, crooked, indirect, borrowed, repeated and exhausted things of our dying Capitalist civilisation, to the reality which is the only rejuvenation of all civilisation. It is they who are hugging the chains of their old slavery; it is the child who is ready for the new world.
— G.K. Chesterton
From his essay “Babies and Distributism”, collected in the book “In Defense of Sanity”, available in softcover and e-book: http://goo.gl/xqZEd
This part of a story makes me wish I was still a kid and never ruined my Christian counter narrative of the virgin birth wasn't ruined by propaganda narrative. I always have to say Kim is the glue in the relationship that brings us together. I keep on derailing or distracted speech in my life that comes with thought disorders. Mostly my family and my synesthesia that joins those senses with or with out the disabilities excused or mine participation that seems like transability educational days had more expected from me for when I failed was a bar to high and a road to wide. That the narrow don't brag enough to show those particulars on that narrative from emotional chaos of the wide narrative.
Thought disorder may be on a continuum with normal behaviors. Normal people may have it occasionally including when fatigued or disinhibited, when writers use language creatively, when people in certain disciplines—such as politicians, administrators, philosophers, ministers, and scientists—use language pedantically, or when people who has low intelligence or little education use language similarly to patients with severe psychopathology.[12]
In considering whether an individual has thought disorder, patterns of their speech are closely observed. Although it is normal to exhibit some of the followings some of the time, it is the degree, frequency, and the resulting functional impairment that leads to the conclusion that the person being observed has a thought disorder.[13] The patient should be evaluated within contexts. Can the patient control the abonormality? Can the abnormality be changed or corrected with prompting or a subject change? Are there other symptoms? What are the patient's backgrounds, such as educational and intelligent levels?[12] Also, impaired attention, poor memory, and difficulty formulating abstract concepts may reflect thought disorder, and can be observed or assesed with mental status tests such as serial sevens or memory tests.[10]
There are many named subtypes of thought disorder which may be confusing, especially when referred to outside the context of being a thought disorder subtype.[14] The subtypes found in the literature may include:
Alogia (also poverty of speech)[15] – A poverty of speech, either in amount or content. Under negative/positive symptom classification of schizophrenia, it is classified as a negative symptom. When classifying symptoms into more dimensions, poverty of speech content—paucity of meaningful content with normal amount of speech—is a disorganization symptom, whereas poverty of speech—loss of speech production—is a negative symptom.[15] Under SANS, thought blocking is considered a part of alogia, and so is increased latency in response.[16]
Blocking[17] – An abrupt stop in the middle of a train of thought; the individual may or may not be able to continue the idea.[18] This is a type of formal thought disorder that can be seen in schizophrenia.[1]
Circumstantiality (also circumstantial thinking, or circumstantial speech)[17] - An inability to answer a question without giving excessive, unnecessary detail.[19] This differs from tangential thinking, in that the person does eventually return to the original point. For example, the patient answers the question "how have you been sleeping lately?" with “Oh, I go to bed early, so I can get plenty of rest. I like to listen to music or read before bed. Right now I’m reading a good mystery. Maybe I’ll write a mystery someday. But it isn’t helping, reading I mean. I have been getting only 2 or 3 hours of sleep at night.”[20]
Clanging or Clang association[17] – a severe form of flight of ideas whereby ideas are related only by similar or rhyming sounds rather than actual meaning.[18] This may be heard as excessive rhyming and/or alliteration. e.g. "Many moldy mushrooms merge out of the mildewy mud on Mondays." "I heard the bell. Well, hell, then I fell." It is most commonly seen in bipolar affective disorder (manic phase), although it is often observed in patients with primary psychoses, namely schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
Derailment (also loose association and knight's move thinking)[17] – Thought frequently moves from one idea to another which is obliquely related or unrelated, often appearing in speech but also in writing, [21] e.g. "The next day when I'd be going out you know, I took control, like uh, I put bleach on my hair in California."[22]
Distractible speech – During mid speech, the subject is changed in response to a nearby stimulus. e.g. "Then I left San Francisco and moved to... Where did you get that tie?"[23]
Echolalia[24] – Echoing of another's speech[18] that may only be committed once, or may be continuous in repetition. This may involve repeating only the last few words or last word of the examiner's sentences. This can be a symptom of Tourette's Syndrome. e.g. "What would you like for dinner?", "That's a good question. That's a good question. That's a good question. That's a good question."
Evasion - the next logical idea in a sequence is replaced with another idea closely but not accurately or appropriately related to it. Also called paralogia and perverted logic.[25][26] Example: "I... er ah... you are uh... I think you have... uh-- acceptable erm... uh... hair."
Flight of ideas[17] - a form of formal thought disorder marked by abrupt leaps from one topic to another, possibly with discernable links between successive ideas, perhaps governed by similarities between subjects or, in somewhat higher grades, by rhyming, puns, and word plays, or by innocuous environmental stimuli – e.g., the sound of birds chirping. It is most characteristic of the manic phase of bipolar illness.[18]
Illogicality[27] – Conclusions are reached that do not follow logically (non-sequiturs or faulty inferences). e.g. "Do you think this will fit in the box?" draws a reply like "Well duh; it's brown, isn't it?"
Incoherence (word salad)[17] – Speech that is unintelligible because, though the individual words are real words, the manner in which they are strung together results in incoherent gibberish,[18] e.g. the question "Why do people comb their hair?" elicits a response like "Because it makes a twirl in life, my box is broken help me blue elephant. Isn't lettuce brave? I like electrons, hello please!"
Loss of goal[28] - Failure to follow a train of thought to a natural conclusion,[29] e.g. "Why does my computer keep crashing?", "Well, you live in a stucco house, so the pair of scissors needs to be in another drawer."
Neologisms[17] – forms completely new words or phrases whose origins and meanings are usually unrecognizable. Example is "I got so angry I picked up a dish and threw it at the geshinker."[30] These may also involve elisions of two words that are similar in meaning or in sound.[citation needed] Although neologisms may sometimes refer to words that are formed incorrectly but whose origins are understandable (e.g. "headshoe" for hat), these can be more clearly referred to as word approximations.[31]
Overinclusion[24] is failure to eliminate ineffective, inappropriate, irrelevant, extraneous details associated with a particular stimulus.[32][33]
Perseveration[24] – Persistent repetition of words or ideas even when another person attempts to change the topic.[18] e.g. "It's great to be here in Nevada, Nevada, Nevada, Nevada, Nevada." This may also involve repeatedly giving the same answer to different questions. e.g. "Is your name Mary?" "Yes." "Are you in the hospital?" "Yes." "Are you a table?" "Yes." Perseveration can include palilalia and logoclonia, and can be an indication of organic brain disease such as Parkinson's.
Phonemic paraphasia – Mispronunciation; syllables out of sequence. e.g. "I slipped on the lice and broke my arm."[citation needed]
Pressure of speech[27] – Unrelenting, rapid speech without pauses.[18] It may be difficult to interrupt the speaker, and the speaker may continue speaking even when a direct question is asked.
Poverty of content of speech[15] is paucity of meaningful content with normal amount of speech.[15] The amount of speech in replies is adequate but speech tends to be vague, overconcrete, overgeneralized, repetitive, stereortyped, and conveys little information.[16] For example, this is a response to the question why the patient was in a hospital: “I often contemplate—it is a general stance of the world—it is a tendency which varies from time to time—it defines things more than others—it is in the nature of habit—this is what I would like to say to explain everything.”[32]
Self mentions – Patient repeatedly and inappropriately refers back to self. e.g. "What's the time?", "It's 7 o'clock. That's my problem."[citation needed]
Semantic paraphasia – Substitution of inappropriate word. e.g. "I slipped on the coat, on the ice I mean, and broke my book."[citation needed]
Stilted speech[34] – Speech characterized by the use of words or phrases that are flowery, excessive, and pompous.[18] e.g. "The attorney comported himself indecorously."
Tangentiality[17] – Wandering from the topic and never returning to it or providing the information requested.[18] e.g. in answer to the question "Where are you from?", a response "My dog is from England. They have good fish and chips there. Fish breathe through gills."
Verbigeration[35] –Meaningless and stereotyped repetition of words or phrases replacing understandble speech, as seen in schizophrenia.[35][36]
Word approximations – Old words used in a new and unconventional way. e.g. "His boss was a seeover."[citation needed]
That’s a big word book……. Definitely not a light summer book.
ReplyDeleteI hope you have a good afternoon.
I look for ‘smile moments’
Dixie liked the walk this morning!